Large Volcanic Eruptions of the Holocene (VEI 5–7)

Catalog of 218 large volcanic eruptions (VEI 5–7) spanning 11,600 years, with volcano name, region, ejecta volume, and era.
# year
vei
volcano
region
volume_km3
era
1 -9,650 5 Mount Tongariro Taupō Volcanic Zone 1.0 BCE
2 -9,550.0 5 Hijiori Honshū 2.3 uncertain
3 -9,460.0 5 Taupō Volcano Taupō Volcanic Zone 1.4 uncertain
4 -9,450 5 Mount Tongariro Taupō Volcanic Zone 1.0 BCE
5 -9,350 5 Mount Tongariro Taupō Volcanic Zone 1.0 BCE
6 -9,240.0 5 Taupō Volcano Taupō Volcanic Zone 1.0 uncertain
7 -8,910 6 Longonot Great Rift Valley, Kenya 50.0 BCE
8 -8,910.0 5 Askja Iceland 3.45 uncertain
9 -8,722.0 7 Fisher Caldera Unimak, Aleutian Arc 142.0 uncertain
10 -8,685.0 6 Lvinaya Past Kuril Islands 75.0 uncertain
11 -8,460.0 5 Calbuco Southern Chile & Argentina 1.0 uncertain
12 -8,266.0 6 Ulleung South Korea 28.5 uncertain
13 -8,250 5 Lake Ngozi Great Rift Valley, Tanzania 7.0 BCE
14 -8,250 5 Towada Honshū 1.3 BCE
15 -8,230 6 Grímsvötn Iceland 15.0 BCE
16 -8,130.0 5 Taupō Volcano Taupō Volcanic Zone 4.8 uncertain
17 -8,050 5 Kizimen Kamchatka 4.0 BCE
18 -8,050.0 6 Aira Kyūshū 12.0 uncertain
19 -8,000 6 Água de Pau São Miguel Island, Azores 11.5 BCE
20 -8,000 7 Semisopochnoi Island Aleutian Arc 120.0 BCE
21 -7,750.0 5 Chaitén Andean Volcanic Belt 3.54 uncertain
22 -7,600.0 5 Roundtop Volcano Unimak, Aleutian Arc 7.0 uncertain
23 -7,560 5 Mount Tarawera Taupō Volcanic Zone BCE
24 -7,460 6 Mount Pinatubo Luzon Volcanic Arc 10.0 BCE
25 -7,441.0 6 Morne Trois Pitons Dominica, Lesser Antilles island arc 58.0 uncertain
26 -7,400.0 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 2.0 uncertain
27 -7,300 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 1.0 BCE
28 -7,276.0 6 Okmok Caldera Umnak, Aleutian Arc 75.0 uncertain
29 -7,250 5 Towada Honshū 2.5 BCE
30 -7,150 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 2.0 BCE
31 -6,950 5 Mount Tarumae Hokkaidō 1.9 BCE
32 -6,800 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 1.0 BCE
33 -6,760.0 5 Calbuco Southern Chile & Argentina 1.0 uncertain
34 -6,710.0 5 Pico de Orizaba Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt 1.0 uncertain
35 -6,600 6 Karymsky Kamchatka 14.5 BCE
36 -6,439.0 7 Kurile Lake Kamchatka 155.0 uncertain
37 -6,400 5 Kizimen Kamchatka 4.9 BCE
38 -6,348.0 6 Tao-Rusyr Caldera Onekotan, Kuril Islands 55.0 uncertain
39 -6,318 6 Karkar Island Bismarck Volcanic Arc 20.0 BCE
40 -6,300.0 6 Mount Aniakchak Aleutian Arc 30.0 uncertain
41 -6,100 5 Makushin Volcano Unalaska, Aleutian Arc 7.5 BCE
42 -6,060 5 Mount Tarawera Taupō Volcanic Zone 1.2 BCE
43 -6,050 6 Menengai East African Rift 70.0 BCE
44 -5,980 5 Avachinsky Kamchatka 9.0 BCE
45 -5,783.0 7 Crater Lake(as Mount Mazama) Cascade Volcanic Arc 120.0 uncertain
46 -5,700 6 Khangar Kamchatka 15.0 BCE
47 -5,550 6 Lake Mashū Hokkaidō 18.6 BCE
48 -5,500 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 1.2 BCE
49 -5,400 5 Ichinsky Kamchatka 2.5 BCE
50 -5,380 7 Taal Volcano Luzon Volcanic Arc 144.0 BCE
51 -5,284.0 7 Kikai Caldera Ryukyu Islands 170.0 uncertain
52 -5,200 5 Ksudach Kamchatka 3.0 BCE
53 -5,150 5 Hekla Iceland 1.7 BCE
54 -5,080.0 5 Puyehue Andean Volcanic Belt 1.66 uncertain
55 -5,060.0 5 Mayor Island / Tūhua Taupō Volcanic Zone 1.6 uncertain
56 -4,946 5 Tavui Bismarck Volcanic Arc 5.75 BCE
57 -4,900 5 Ksudach Kamchatka 7.5 BCE
58 -4,750 6 Mount Hudson Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone 18.0 BCE
59 -4,650 5 Nishiyama, Hachijō-jima Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc 1.2 BCE
60 -4,600 5 Komagatake Hokkaidō 3.0 BCE
61 -4,400 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 2.0 BCE
62 -4,340 5 Avachinsky Kamchatka 4.0 BCE
63 -4,160 5 Apoyeque Central America Volcanic Arc, Nicaragua 1.9 BCE
64 -4,150 5 Towada Honshū 9.18 BCE
65 -4,110.0 5 Hekla Iceland 1.0 uncertain
66 -4,050 6 Masaya Volcano Central America Volcanic Arc, Nicaragua 14.8 BCE
67 -4,000.0 6 Pago Bismarck Volcanic Arc 10.0 uncertain
68 -3,850 5 Kaguyak SW Alaska, Aleutian Arc 3.9 BCE
69 -3,700.0 5 Popocatépetl Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt 5.0 uncertain
70 -3,650 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 2.0 BCE
71 -3,550 6 Mount Pinatubo Luzon Volcanic Arc 12.0 BCE
72 -3,526.0 5 Mount Tarawera Taupō Volcanic Zone 6.0 uncertain
73 -3,500 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 2.0 BCE
74 -3,400 5 Lake Numazawa Honshū 4.71 BCE
75 -3,200.0 5 Avachinsky Kamchatka 1.5 uncertain
76 -3,100.0 5 Chaitén Andean Volcanic Belt 4.7 uncertain
77 -2,990 5 Água de Pau São Miguel Island, Azores 5.4 BCE
78 -2,850 5 Ilyinsky Kamchatka 1.3 BCE
79 -2,700 5 Piton de la Fournaise Réunion 1.8 BCE
80 -2,690.0 5 Lake Ikeda Kyūshū 2.3 uncertain
81 -2,620.0 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 1.0 uncertain
82 -2,550.0 5 Apoyeque Central America Volcanic Arc, Nicaragua 1.0 uncertain
83 -2,340 5 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 1.2 BCE
84 -2,310 5 Hekla Iceland 5.6 BCE
85 -2,304.0 6 Mount Veniaminof SW Alaska, Aleutian Arc 50.1 uncertain
86 -2,300 7 Cerro Blanco (Argentina) Andes, Central Volcanic Zone 172.0 BCE
87 -2,264 7 Paektu Mountain Balhae (China – North Korea border) BCE
88 -2,250.0 5 Mount Galunggung Sunda Arc, Java 1.0 uncertain
89 -2,150.0 5 Phlegraean Fields Campanian volcanic arc 1.8 uncertain
90 -2,100 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 1.0 BCE
91 -2,050 5 Rungwe Great Rift Valley, Tanzania 2.2 BCE
92 -2,050 5 Nishiyama, Hachijō-jima Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc 1.2 BCE
93 -2,040 6 Long Island, PNG Bismarck Volcanic Arc 10.0 BCE
94 -2,030.0 5 El Chichón Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc 2.0 uncertain
95 -2,000 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 1.0 BCE
96 -1,900.0 6 Black Peak SW Alaska, Aleutian Arc 30.0 uncertain
97 -1,890 6 Mount Hudson Andes, Southern Volcanic Zone 12.0 BCE
98 -1,890 5 Mount Dana SW Alaska, Aleutian Arc 1.0 BCE
99 -1,860 6 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 15.3 BCE
100 -1,810.0 5 Villarrica Andean Volcanic Belt 3.3 uncertain
101 -1,770.0 5 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 3.5 uncertain
102 -1,750.0 6 Mount Vesuvius Campanian volcanic arc 2.0 uncertain
103 -1,610 7 Youngest Caldera, Santorini South Aegean Volcanic Arc 34.5 BCE
104 -1,550 5 Hayes Volcano SW Alaska, Aleutian Arc 8.1 BCE
105 -1,541.0 6 Mount Aniakchak SW Alaska, Aleutian Arc 50.0 uncertain
106 -1,500 5 Avachinsky Kamchatka 3.6 BCE
107 -1,500.0 5 Etna Campanian volcanic arc 0.2 uncertain
108 -1,460 6 Taupō Volcano Taupō Volcanic Zone 17.0 BCE
109 -1,425.0 6 Taal Volcano Luzon Volcanic Arc, Philippines 46.0 uncertain
110 -1,425.0 6 Taal Volcano Luzon Volcanic Arc, Philippines 46.0 uncertain
111 -1,370.0 6 Pago Bismarck Volcanic Arc 30.0 uncertain
112 -1,350 5 Mount Fuji Honshū 1.0 BCE
113 -1,350 5 Avachinsky Kamchatka 1.75 BCE
114 -1,310 5 Mount Tarawera Taupō Volcanic Zone 8.0 BCE
115 -1,100 5 Cuicocha Andean Volcanic Belt 5.0 BCE
116 -1,100 5 Hekla Iceland 7.5 BCE
117 -1,050 6 Mount Pinatubo Luzon Volcanic Arc 12.5 BCE
118 -950 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 1.0 BCE
119 -930 5 Mount Fuji Honshū 1.0 BCE
120 -930.0 5 Khodutka Kamchatka 1.25 uncertain
121 -800.0 5 Yantarni Volcano SW Alaska, Aleutian Arc 1.0 uncertain
122 -780 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 1.0 BCE
123 -550 5 Mount Tarumae Hokkaidō 3.3 BCE
124 -550.0 5 Mount Tongariro Taupō Volcanic Zone 1.2 uncertain
125 -530 5 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 1.2 BCE
126 -410.0 5 Mount Meager massif Garibaldi Volcanic Belt 0.1 uncertain
127 -250 6 Raoul Island Kermadec Islands 28.8 BCE
128 -175.0 5 Popocatépetl Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt 3.2 uncertain
129 -170.0 5 Masaya Central America Volcanic Arc, Nicaragua 3.4 uncertain
130 -122 5 Etna Campanian volcanic arc 1.0 BCE
131 -80.0 6 Taal Volcano Luzon Volcanic Arc, Philippines 72.0 uncertain
132 -43 6 Okmok Caldera Umnak, Aleutian Arc 25.0 BCE
133 0.0 6 Apoyeque Central America Volcanic Arc, Nicaragua 18.0 uncertain
134 50 6 Ambrym Vanuatu 70.0 CE
135 79 5 Mount Vesuvius Campanian volcanic arc 3.2 CE
136 80.0 5 Furnas São Miguel Island, Azores 1.54 uncertain
137 150 5 Masaya Central America Volcanic Arc, Nicaragua 6.6 CE
138 232 7 Taupō Volcano Taupō Volcanic Zone 110.0 CE
139 240.0 6 Ksudach Kamchatka 18.5 uncertain
140 245.0 6 Mount Churchill eastern Alaska 10.0 uncertain
141 310.0 5 Pago Bismarck Volcanic Arc 6.0 uncertain
142 340 5 Akutan Aleutian Arc 1.0 CE
143 430 6 Lake Ilopango Central America Volcanic Arc, El Salvador 37.0 CE
144 472 5 Mount Vesuvius Campanian volcanic arc 1.2 CE
145 550 5 Mount Haruna Honshū 1.6 CE
146 600 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 2.0 CE
147 610.0 5 Opala Kamchatka 3.7 uncertain
148 650 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 2.0 CE
149 653 6 Dakataua Bismarck Volcanic Arc 10.0 CE
150 683 6 Rabaul Bismarck Volcanic Arc 24.0 CE
151 690.0 5 Pago Bismarck Volcanic Arc 6.0 uncertain
152 710.0 6 Pago Bismarck Volcanic Arc 20.0 uncertain
153 780.0 5 El Chichón Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc 1.0 uncertain
154 847 6 Mount Churchill eastern Alaska 50.0 CE
155 860.0 5 Puyehue Andean Volcanic Belt 4.32 uncertain
156 915 5 Towada Honshū 6.5 CE
157 930.0 6 Ceboruco Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt 10.9 uncertain
158 946 6 Baekdu Mountain Balhae (China – North Korea border) 40.0 CE
159 1,030 5 Billy Mitchell Bougainville & Solomon Is. 7.0 CE
160 1,034 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 2.0 CE
161 1,080.0 5 Lake Mashū Hokkaidō 4.6 uncertain
162 1,082.0 5 Ubinas Andes, Central Volcanic Zone 2.8 uncertain
163 1,104 5 Hekla Iceland 1.2 CE
164 1,108 5 Mount Asama Honshū 1.3 CE
165 1,257 7 Mount Samalas Lombok Island 81.0 CE
166 1,262 5 Katla Iceland 1.0 CE
167 1,280 6 Quilotoa Andes, Northern Volcanic Zone 21.0 CE
168 1,360.0 5 El Chichón Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc 2.8 uncertain
169 1,362 6 Öræfajökull Iceland 10.0 CE
170 1,450.0 5 Mount Pinatubo Luzon Volcanic Arc 1.0 uncertain
171 1,473.5 5 Sakurajima Kyūshū 1.0 uncertain
172 1,477 6 Bárðarbunga Iceland 10.0 CE
173 1,480 5 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 7.7 CE
174 1,482 5 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 1.5 CE
175 1,563 5 Água de Pau São Miguel Island, Azores 1.3 CE
176 1,580 6 Billy Mitchell Bougainville & Solomon Is. 13.5 CE
177 1,586 5 Kelud Sunda Arc, Java 1.0 CE
178 1,593 5 Raung Sunda Arc, Java 1.0 CE
179 1,600 6 Huaynaputina Andes, Central Volcanic Zone 34.0 CE
180 1,625 5 Katla Iceland 1.0 CE
181 1,630 5 Furnas São Miguel Island, Azores 2.1 CE
182 1,631 5 Mount Vesuvius Campanian volcanic arc 1.1 CE
183 1,640 5 Mount Melibengoy Mindanao, Philippines 1.0 CE
184 1,640 5 Komagatake Hokkaidō 2.9 CE
185 1,652 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 2.0 CE
186 1,660 6 Long Island, PNG Bismarck Volcanic Arc 21.0 CE
187 1,663 5 Mount Usu Hokkaidō 2.78 CE
188 1,667 5 Mount Tarumae Hokkaidō 2.8 CE
189 1,673 5 Mount Gamkonora Halmahera Volcanic Arc 1.0 CE
190 1,680 5 Tangkoko Sangihe Volcanic Arc 1.0 CE
191 1,707 5 Mount Fuji Honshū 1.7 CE
192 1,721 5 Katla Iceland 1.0 CE
193 1,739 5 Mount Tarumae Hokkaidō 4.0 CE
194 1,754 5 Taal volcano Philippines 1.0 CE
195 1,755 5 Katla Iceland 1.0 CE
196 1,800 5 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 1.5 CE
197 1,815 7 Mount Tambora Sunda Arc, Sumbawa 150.0 CE
198 1,822 5 Mount Galunggung Sunda Arc, Java 2.0 CE
199 1,835 5 Cosigüina Central America Volcanic Arc, Nicaragua 4.3 CE
200 1,843 5 Mount Agung Sunda Arc, Bali 1.0 CE
201 1,854 5 Shiveluch Kamchatka 2.0 CE
202 1,875 5 Askja Iceland 1.8 CE
203 1,883 6 Krakatoa Sunda Arc 18.0 CE
204 1,886 5 Mount Tarawera Taupō Volcanic Zone 2.0 CE
205 1,902 6 Santa María Central America Volcanic Arc, Guatemala 10.7 CE
206 1,907 5 Ksudach Kamchatka 1.75 CE
207 1,912 6 Novarupta SW Alaska, Aleutian Arc 26.0 CE
208 1,924 5 Submarine volcano NNE of Iriomote Island Japan 1.0 CE
209 1,932 5 Quizapú Andean Volcanic Belt 9.5 CE
210 1,933 5 Kharimkotan Kuril Islands 1.0 CE
211 1,956 5 Bezymianny Kamchatka 1.9 CE
212 1,963 5 Mount Agung Sunda Arc, Bali 1.0 CE
213 1,980 5 Mount St. Helens Cascade Volcanic Arc 1.1 CE
214 1,982 5 El Chichón Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc 2.2 CE
215 1,991 5 Mount Hudson Andean Volcanic Belt 4.3 CE
216 1,991 6 Mount Pinatubo Luzon Volcanic Arc 10.0 CE
217 2,011 5 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Andean Volcanic Belt 0.76 CE
218 2,022 6 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai Tonga-Kermadec Islands volcanic arc 1,014.0 CE
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